CMST Signals Ltd developed the CMST window: a smooth, compactly supported, flat-top window function for spectral analysis where weak signals sit close to strong ones.
Sidelobe envelopes of a Hann window and of a C∞ compactly supported bump window, computed numerically for 8192-sample windows. The Hann window falls at a fixed 18 dB per octave. The smooth window starts higher, crosses near 30 bins and keeps steepening.
Every classical window has a discontinuity in some derivative at its edges, and that discontinuity fixes how fast its sidelobes decay: as a power of frequency, a straight line on the plot above. A window that is smooth to every order has no such limit.
CMST was developed with gravitational-wave data analysis in mind, where leakage from strong spectral lines can hide much weaker signals nearby.
The same problem appears in any high-dynamic-range spectral measurement: whenever what you are looking for is many tens of decibels below something else in the same record.
[CMST is the subject of a UK patent application.]
[It is free to use for non-commercial and open-source work. Commercial use needs a licence from CMST Signals Ltd.]
To discuss a licence, write to info@cmstsignals.com.